The production of energy in the EU is spread across a range of different energy sources: solid fuels, natural gas, crude oil, nuclear energy and renewable energy (such as biomass, hydro, wind and solar energy).
In 2021, the largest contributing source to primary energy production in the EU was renewable energy (41% of total EU energy production). This has been the case since 2016, when renewables surpassed nuclear for the first time. Nuclear energy (31%) was the second-largest source, followed by solid fuels (18%), natural gas (6%), crude oil (3%) and other (0.2%).
Energy production in the EU countries
The production of energy was very different from one EU member to another.
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