The food packaging industry is experiencing a shift as the need for sustainability intensifies. Traditional plastic packaging, largely derived from fossil fuels, is being scrutinised due to its environmental impact. In response, bioplastics, which are made from renewable sources or designed to be biodegradable, are emerging as a sustainable alternative. The growing adoption of these materials is driven by changing regulations, consumer preferences for environmentally friendly products, and the need to reduce the overall environmental footprint of packaging.
Several types of bioplastics are being used in food packaging, each with distinct properties and benefits. Polylactic acid (PLA), produced from plant-based materials like corn or sugarcane, is one of the most common bioplastics. PLA is widely used in disposable products such as cups and trays due to its cost-effectiveness and clarity. However, its use is limited by its low heat resistance. Bio-PET, made partially from renewable resources like sugarcane, shares the benefits of traditional PET but with a smaller environmental impact. It’s commonly used for beverage bottles and food packaging films. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), produced by fermenting organic materials, are fully biodegradable and can break down in various environments, including marine ecosystems. They are used in flexible packaging, such as films and bags, though their higher production cost can limit their widespread use.
Bioplastics offer several functional advantages in food packaging. They help reduce dependence on fossil fuels, contribute to a lower carbon footprint, and are compostable in certain conditions, reducing waste. Materials like PLA and Bio-PET also provide excellent barrier properties, preserving food freshness and extending shelf life. Additionally, bioplastics are versatile, able to be moulded into various shapes using conventional plastic manufacturing equipment, making them suitable for a wide range of packaging needs. Their eco-friendly nature also appeals to environmentally conscious consumers, enhancing brand reputation and providing a competitive edge in the market.
From an environmental perspective, bioplastics provide a number of benefits over conventional plastics. By using renewable resources, bioplastics help reduce carbon emissions and promote resource efficiency. Certain types, like PLA and PHA, are designed to biodegrade in composting environments, further mitigating waste. Some bioplastics, particularly PHA, are capable of degrading in marine environments, offering a solution to ocean plastic pollution. With innovations in feedstock sourcing, such as the use of agricultural by-products or non-food crops, the sustainability of bioplastics is further improved.
The market for bioplastics in food packaging is growing rapidly, spurred by consumer demand for more sustainable products and regulatory pressures to reduce plastic waste. Companies are increasingly adopting bioplastics to stay competitive, while new regulations, such as bans on single-use plastics, are encouraging the shift. As technology improves, bioplastics are becoming more cost-effective and competitive with traditional plastics. This is driving significant investments in research and development, which are advancing the performance of bioplastics and improving their barrier properties, strength, and heat resistance.
Bioplastics present a promising solution for the food packaging industry, enabling companies to meet sustainability goals while responding to consumer expectations. As production costs decrease and technology advances, bioplastics are expected to become more accessible, providing a viable alternative to traditional plastics. In adopting these materials, companies can enhance their environmental credentials and reduce their carbon footprint, contributing to the global effort to combat plastic pollution.
While bioplastics offer significant environmental benefits, it’s essential to manage their lifecycle impacts—from production to disposal—to fully realise their potential. The continued development of bioplastics and their integration into food packaging will play a vital role in shaping a more sustainable future.
Biome Technologies plc (LON:BIOM) is a growth oriented, commercially driven technology group. The Group’s primary activity is the development of its fast growing business in bioplastics. The Group comprises two divisions: Biome Bioplastics and Stanelco RF Technologies.
