Genetic testing involves medical tests to identify specific mutations in a person’s genes. These tests, which are continually evolving, have diverse applications, including assessing cancer risk. Predictive genetic testing, in particular, looks for inherited gene mutations that may increase the likelihood of developing certain cancers.
Predictive genetic testing is recommended for individuals with a significant family history of specific cancers. For instance, testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations can indicate an increased risk of breast and other cancers. Those diagnosed with cancer at a young age, or with uncommon types like male breast cancer, may also benefit. Such testing can reveal the potential for other cancers and guide family members on whether they should undergo similar testing.
Despite its benefits, not everyone needs genetic testing. It is typically suggested when there is a strong family history of inherited cancer or an unusually early diagnosis of cancer. Genetic counseling and testing might be advisable for those with multiple first-degree relatives with cancer, a pattern of the same type of cancer in one side of the family, or rare cancers linked to hereditary syndromes.
Additionally, individuals with physical findings related to inherited cancer, such as numerous colon polyps, or those from certain ethnic backgrounds like Ashkenazi Jews, who have a higher risk of BRCA mutations, might consider genetic testing. If a genetic mutation has been identified in a family member, it can guide others on their risk and necessary precautions.
If you are worried about a family pattern of cancer, previous cancer diagnoses, or other risk factors, discussing genetic counseling and testing with a healthcare provider might be beneficial. Understanding your family history and available tests is crucial, as some cancers are not yet linked to known mutations.
In some cases, doctors may test cancer cells after diagnosis to identify specific gene or protein changes. These tests can provide prognostic information and suggest suitable treatments. However, these tests are distinct from those identifying inherited cancer risk, as they focus on acquired gene changes in cancer cells.
Genetic testing offers significant insights into cancer risk and management. While not necessary for everyone, it can be a valuable tool for those with a strong family history or other indicators of inherited cancer risk. Consulting with healthcare professionals can help determine the appropriateness of genetic testing and inform about the best steps for monitoring and reducing cancer risk.
EDX Medical Group Plc (AQSE:EDX) is a global specialist in digital clinical diagnostics; developing and supporting high-performance products and services to provide cost-effective prediction of disease risk, inform clinical decision-making, enable personalised healthcare and accelerate the development of new medicines for cancer, neurology, heart disease and infectious diseases.
