Quantum dots are revolutionising the fields of electronics and photonics with their unique light-emitting properties, derived from their minuscule size and quantum mechanics. These semiconductor particles, ranging between 2–10 nm in diameter, are reshaping how we think about colour and energy in technological applications. Their ability to emit specific, vibrant colours with remarkable consistency has positioned them as a game-changer in fields from medical imaging to quantum computing.
Quantum dots emit light through a process rooted in quantum confinement. When stimulated by external energy, electrons within the dot material absorb this energy and escape their atomic orbits, creating a conductive state. As the electrons return to their orbits, energy is released as light. The emitted colour depends entirely on the size of the quantum dot. Smaller dots release higher energy, producing blues and violets, while larger dots emit lower energy, resulting in reds and oranges. This precision, achieved through nanoscale engineering, ensures highly consistent monochromatic emissions.
One of the most recognisable applications of quantum dots is in QLED TVs, where their unparalleled colour accuracy enhances display technology. Here, red, green, and blue quantum dots are layered within a protective film and stimulated by blue LED backlights. The result is a broader colour gamut with minimal overlap between colours, significantly improving visual quality compared to conventional methods. This innovation demonstrates the advantage of quantum dots over traditional light sources, where spectrum variation and energy inefficiencies are more pronounced.
In general lighting, quantum dots are a potential alternative to current phosphor-based methods used in LED technologies. Traditional LEDs produce white light by passing blue light through phosphor materials, which can lead to inefficiencies, especially when warmer white light is needed. Redder phosphors often emit far-red wavelengths invisible to the human eye, reducing overall efficacy. Quantum dots, with their precise light emission and superior energy efficiency, offer a promising solution to overcome these limitations.
The controlled brilliance of quantum dots, paired with their growing versatility, positions them as a key player in the advancement of next-generation technologies. With applications ranging from vibrant consumer displays to breakthroughs in renewable energy and biomedicine, these tiny particles are driving significant innovation across industries.
Nanoco Group PLC (LON:NANO) leads the world in the research, development and large-scale manufacture of heavy metal-free nanomaterials for use in displays, lighting, vertical farming, solar energy and bio-imaging.
