Quantum dots (QDs) are tiny semiconductor particles that exhibit unique optical and electronic properties due to quantum mechanics. Typically composed of materials like cadmium selenide (CdSe) or indium phosphide (InP), these nanoparticles can emit light at specific wavelengths when excited, with their size determining the colour: smaller dots emit blue light, while larger ones emit red.
The evolution of display technology has progressed from bulky cathode ray tube (CRT) displays to liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, each improving image quality and energy efficiency. However, these technologies have limitations, leading to the development of quantum dot displays, which offer enhanced colour accuracy, brightness, energy efficiency, and longevity.
Quantum dot displays, such as QLEDs, use a blue LED backlight and a quantum dot layer to produce precise red and green light, resulting in superior colour accuracy and brightness. QD-OLED displays combine OLED and quantum dot technologies for deeper blacks, high contrast ratios, and vibrant colours, while quantum dot microLED displays use microscopic LEDs as pixels for high efficiency and excellent colour accuracy.
As quantum dot technology advances, it is becoming more mainstream, with an increasing number of manufacturers incorporating it into a wide range of devices. Research focuses on improving quantum dot materials, such as developing cadmium-free alternatives like indium phosphide (InP). Hybrid technologies and emerging applications like flexible and transparent displays are also on the horizon.
Quantum dots have revolutionised display technology, offering unprecedented colour accuracy and efficiency. As this technology continues to evolve, it promises to shape the future of displays, transforming how we interact with digital content across various devices and applications.
Nanoco Group PLC (LON:NANO) leads the world in the research, development and large-scale manufacture of heavy metal-free nanomaterials for use in displays, lighting, vertical farming, solar energy and bio-imaging.
